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Drug Metabolism

Drug metabolism studies profile metabolic pathways and likely metabolites formed by a compound, as well as identify drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in its biotransformation. For more information about these services, visit our Drug Metabolism contract studies page.

 

Webinars

RI-ADE ADME 101: Non-clinical pharmacokinetics studies using radio-labeled compounds

Presenter: Satoshi Ito, Drug Development Solutions Center ADME Group Manager, Sekisui Medical Radio-labeled compounds can be used to provide important information during the drug development process....
Scientific Posters

Establishment of PALSAR method for quantification of human cells in mouse kidney

Full Title Establishment of PALSAR method for quantification of human cells in mouse kidney Authors Tetsuo Sekino, Akane Omori and AkiraIdeno Analytical Technology Center for...
Blog

Are in vitro drug metabolism and drug-drug interaction studies critical for an IND?

A Guide to What, Why & When to Conduct ADME Studies When drug developers are preparing their IND, drug metabolism...

Webinars

Highlights of the In Vitro Sections of the Draft ICH Drug Interaction Studies Guideline and Comparison with Current Guidance

Presenter: Brian Ogilvie, Ph.D, Vice President of Scientific Consulting at XenoTech In June 2022, the ICH released the first draft of its harmonized Drug Interaction Studies Guideline (M12). The...
Scientific Posters

Highly selective and sensitive hybridization-based assay for quantification of ASOs drug using signal amplification method

Full Title Highly selective and sensitive hybridization-based assay for quantification of ASOs drug using signal amplification method Authors Yuya Ono1, Tetsuo Sekino1, Takuro Akiya1, Funa...
Scientific Posters

A Novel ADA Screening Assay for Immunogenicity Testing of Oligonucleotide Drug Using PALSAR Technology

Full Title A Novel ADA Screening Assay for Immunogenicity Testing of Oligonucleotide Drug Using PALSAR® Technology Authors Masako Osawa, Funa Ogawa, Koichi Shibusawa and Akira...
Blog

4 Ways De-Risking Maximizes Compound Value

Since most new drugs fail because of ADME/Tox, you can add considerable value to your compound by conducting early in...

Scientific Posters

Investigation of the PPB method for oligonucleotide drugs by using the PALSAR

Full Title Investigation of the PPB method for oligonucleotide drugs by using the PALSAR® Authors Rieko Sakai1, Takashi Yamamoto1, Masako Osawa2, Funa Ogawa2, Shun Kumagaya3,...
Publications

In vitro evaluation suggests fenfluramine and norfenfluramine are unlikely to act as perpetrators of drug interactions

Parthena Martin, Maciej Czerwiński, Pallavi B. Limaye, Brian W. Ogilvie, Steven Smith, Brooks Boyd Abstract Studies support the safety and efficacy of fenfluramine (FFA) as...
Publications

In vitro evaluation of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine as victims of drug interactions

Parthena Martin, Maciej Czerwiński, Pallavi B. Limaye, Seema Muranjan, Brian W. Ogilvie, Steven Smith, Brooks Boyd Abstract Fenfluramine (FFA) has potent antiseizure activity in severe,...
Webinars

Filing an IND and Beyond: Development of CTD Section 2.6.4, Pharmacokinetics Written Summary

Presenter: Griff Humphreys, Ph.D, XenoTech Consultant Recorded keynote presentation from XenoTech’s 2022 Seminar Series. Learn about what this important section consists of, the studies that...
Webinars

Role of Sulfotransferases (SULTs) in Drug Metabolism and Potential for Drug-Drug Interactions

Presenter: Maciej Czerwinski, Ph.D., XenoTech Director of Scientific Consulting Abstract: Continuing our series on non-CYP-mediated metabolism pathways, we will be discussing another of the most requested...
Webinars

Webinar: Bridging In Vitro Data to Clinical Outcomes with MetID

Presenters: Andrew G. Taylor, Ph.D., Manager of Technical Support for Services at XenoTech and Heather Heading, Director of LCMS at Agilex Biolabs Abstract: Profiling, characterising,...
Webinars

ADME 101: Microsomal Protein Binding of Drugs

Presenter: Kusum Parikh, MBBS, PhD, XenoTech Senior Scientist in Program Oversight Abstract: Regulatory guidance states that drug developers should correct for nonspecific binding in microsomes...
Blog

Why Do Most Polled Researchers Run Red Blood Cell Partitioning Studies with Plasma Protein Binding?

Many compounds bind to or diffuse into red blood cells (RBCs), which can significantly impact clearance and cause inaccuracies in PK calculations...

Publications

In Vitro Strategies for Evaluating Non-CYP Metabolism Pathways

While cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism continues to be of primary concern for the majority of new small molecule drug candidates, efforts to develop compounds that...
Blog

2021 Service Expansions: Microsomal Protein Binding and Red Blood Cell Partitioning

Over the course of 2021, we expanded access to two important and related study offerings at our US laboratory headquarters....

Webinars

Role of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in Drug Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interactions

Presenter: Maciej Czerwinski, Ph.D., XenoTech Director of Scientific Consulting Abstract: The importance of glucuronidation for metabolism of xenobiotics in humans is illustrated by the abundance and...
Scientific Posters

Establishment of the PPB method for antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) by using the PALSAR method

Full Title Establishment of the PPB method for antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) by using the PALSAR® method Authors Rieko Sakai1, Takashi Yamamoto1, Masako Osawa2, Funa Ogawa2,...
Blog

ADME/PK & DDI Best Practices Industry Survey Results & Infographic

With over 3500 respondents, only 4% of respondents said they had never experienced any repercussions from postponing these studies...

Publications

SAFETY FIRST: Assessing drugs early can preclude regulatory and health issues

Authors: Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Maciej Czerwinski, Dr. Pallavi Limaye, Dr. Brian Ogilvie A Guide to When & Why to Evaluate ADME/PK & Drug-Drug Interactions With...
Webinars

Underprediction of Drug Clearance by Aldehyde Oxidase (AO)–Mediated Drug Metabolism: Important Considerations for In Vitro Assessment

Presenter: Pallavi Limaye, Ph.D., DABT, XenoTech Director of Scientific Consulting Abstract: Aldehyde oxidase (AO) enzyme has gained increasing attention in drug development as one of the...
Webinars

Addressing Unique Challenges with Custom In Vitro Test Systems

Presenter: Zell Woodworth, Division Director of Products at XenoTech Abstract: Sometimes, standard products just don’t fit the objective of a unique assay. In this webinar, Products...
Webinars

The Role of In Vitro Assays in Selecting the Right Species for Your Small Molecule Program

Presenters: Andrew G. Taylor, Ph.D., Manager of Technical Support for Services at XenoTech and Scott Boley, Ph.D., DABT, Senior Vice President of Research at Sinclair Research...
Blog

Four Ways CROs Drive Innovation for Improved In Vitro Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Studies

Agility and focused growth allow drug developers to outsource expertise and benefit the industry at-large by fostering innovation. Panelists at the 2021 Annual DMDG Meeting…

Webinars

Red Blood Cell Partitioning Studies to Improve Accuracy in Pharmacokinetics (PK) Calculations

Presenter: Steven McGreal, Ph.D, Study Director at XenoTech Abstract: Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of a new drug candidate are typically determined by measuring the drug’s concentration...
Webinars

An Overview of Non CYP-Mediated Metabolism Pathways and In Vitro Evaluation Strategies

Presenter: Andrew G. Taylor, Ph.D., Technical Support Manager for Services at XenoTech Abstract: Although cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism continues to be of major importance for...
Webinars

ADME 101: Drug Metabolism Studies – Metabolic Stability

Metabolic stability influences the oral bioavailability and plasma half-life of a compound. Metabolic stability assays measure intrinsic clearance and determine the extent to which a drug will be metabolized. This study can be conducted in a variety of test systems, which is why it may also be referred to as a hepatocyte stability study, microsomal stability study...
Scientific Posters

Effects of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α and Interferon-α2a on P450 Enzymes in Human Hepatocytes in Vitro

Some immunomodulatory drugs, such as tilsotolimod, stimulate the innate immune system to release cytokines that may change expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. In drug development, regulation of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by Toll-like receptors (TLR) has gained attention in parallel to targeting the therapeutic potential of these receptors. The aim of this study was to establish whether MCP-1, MIP-1α or IFN-α2a were responsible for the effects of tilsotolimod-stimulated plasma on CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 mRNA and enzyme activity levels...
Webinars

ADME 101: Reaction Phenotyping Studies in Drug Metabolism

Presenter: Andrew Taylor, Ph.D., Services Technical Support Manager It is important to identify the enzymes that significantly contribute to the metabolism of a drug candidate...
Blog

What is DMPK and how does it fit into drug development?

Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is a core discipline in drug development that considers the biotransformation of a drug compound...

Blog

ADME and Drug-Drug Interactions for the Toxicologist

Highlights from the recent webinar presented by our newest expert consultant, Dr. Pallavi Limaye In her recent webinar (now available for...

Webinars

Comparison Between the Final US FDA, Japan PMDA, and EMA In Vitro DDI Guidance Documents: Are We Finally Harmonized?

Presenter: Brian Ogilvie, Ph.D., XenoTech Vice President of Scientific Consulting In January, the FDA published its final guidance for industry on in vitro drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies. Dr. Ogilvie will...
Webinars

In Vitro ADME & Drug-Drug Interaction Considerations for Toxicologists

In vitro ADME and drug-drug interaction (DDI) investigations are early activities in the drug development process that are critical for framing downstream decision making. This ADME 101 webinar will provide insights at a high-level related to regulatory drivers, investigatory objectives, and practical concerns for such studies that are relevant to interested general toxicologists. Participants will gain insight as to the critical need and utility for in vitro ADME and DDI investigations as related to drug development. Regulatory expectations will be reviewed as will points of particular interest for enabling successful achievement of investigatory goals...
Blog

What is ADME and how does it fit into drug development?

The main aim of drug development is to get a compound that has a therapeutic effect into the form of...

Webinars

The Basics of In Vitro Xenobiotic Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interaction Investigations: Applicability to All Xenobiotics

Since SOT’s 59th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo has been canceled due to COVID-19 concerns, we are bringing the tradeshow to you! SOT is hosting this...
Blog

Four ways to optimize preclinical in vitro data to mitigate risk of late-stage clinical failure

1. Collect high-quality data to make informed, confident go/no go decisions for moving your drug candidate forward If you need...

Blog

How can in vitro and in vivo studies help me understand my drug’s clearance?

Systemic clearance, denoting how much drug is cleared from a volume of blood per unit of time, is of critical...

Scientific Posters

Comparison Between the Final US FDA, Japan PMDA and EMA In Vitro DDI Guidance

Comparison Between the Final US FDA (2020), the Final Japan PMDA (2018), and Final EMA (2013) In Vitro DDI Guidance Documents: Are We Finally Harmonized?...
Webinars

ADME 101: Metabolite ID & Characterization Studies FAQ

Presenter: Mark Horrigan, XenoTech Principal Scientist, Program Oversight In this short, information-packed ADME 101 video, one of our study directors discusses the main frequently asked questions...
Blog

Timing of In Vitro Studies: Early, Thorough ADME for Your Compound’s Success

Beyond the need for evidence that a drug works, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory bodies around the...

Blog

How Can I Make Sure My Data Meets Regulatory Expectations?

Regulatory authorities publish updated guidance documents that share their expectations for endpoints and test systems with drug developers, but sometimes it is difficult to...

Publications

Effects of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and interferon-α2a on P450 enzymes in human hepatocytes in vitro

Maciej Czerwiński, Krystal Gilligan, Kevin Westland, Brian W. Ogilvie Some immunomodulatory agents stimulate the release of cytokines capable of suppressing P450 enzymes and potentially affecting pharmacokinetics of coadministered medications. Cytokines...
Webinars

Drug Metabolism Related Safety Considerations in Drug Development

Approximately 30 years ago, sub-optimal DMPK properties were recognized as the primary contributor to the failure (~40%) of potential new therapies in early clinical trials. This observation precipitated a renaissance period across the discipline which served to align DMPK efforts within discovery to assist in selecting optimal drug candidates to advance to clinical testing...
Blog

What In Vitro Metabolism and DDI Studies Do I Actually Need?

Though there is no ‘roadmap’ spelling out required studies to achieve regulatory approval for clinical entry, a drug candidate’s metabolism...

Webinars

ADME 101: DMPK and ADME in Drug Development

Presenter: Joanna Barbara, Ph.D., Vice President of Scientific Operations at XenoTech We are pleased to present XenoTech’s first ADME 101 series webinar, Acronyms Abound: DMPK and...
Blog

How to Choose the Right Test Systems for Your DMPK Studies

Test systems for DMPK in vitro studies are part of the very foundation of our company. Our labs were borne of...

Blog

Can CYP3A4 Induction Predict P-glycoprotein Induction in DDI Studies?

Generally, a drug’s effects on enzyme and transporter activity are examined independently in a drug development program, but what if...

Blog

In Vitro Induction Studies: Elements of Design and Important Considerations in Data Analysis

Why do induction studies? Induction potential is an important piece of the drug-drug interaction (DDI) component of an IND submission. Simply put, we...

Publications

Chapter 6: Biotransformation of Xenobiotics

Andrew Parkinson, Brian W. Ogilvie, David B. Buckley, Faraz Kazmi and Oliver Parkinson This book chapter will be part of Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The...
Scientific Posters

Ultrasensitive quantitation assay of oligonucleotide therapeutics based on the PALSAR method

Full Title Ultrasensitive quantitation assay of oligonucleotide therapeutics based on the PALSAR method Abstract Recently, development of oligonucleotide therapeutics has accelerated in the pharmaceutical industry,...
Blog

To GLP or not to GLP?

That is the question. . . Knowing the answer may save you time and money Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are...

Publications

Strategies to improve the predictions accuracy of hepatic intrinsic clearance of three antidiabetic drugs: application of the extended clearance concept and consideration of the effect of albumin on CYP2C metabolism and OAT1B1-mediated hepatic uptake

Ryo Fujino, Kenta Hashizume, Shinsuke Aoyama, Kazuya Maeda, Kiyomi Ito, Kota Toshimoto, Wooin Lee, Shin-ichi Ninomiya, Yuichi Sugiyama The antidiabetic drugs glibenclamide, repaglinide, and nateglinide...
Scientific Posters

Microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) livers

Full Title Pitfalls in the Design of Metabolism-Dependent CYP Inhibition (MDI) Experiments With a Dilution Step: Inhibitor Depletion by Metabolism and/or Microsomal Binding Leads to...
Blog

NADPH RapidStart Regeneration System for Extended Metabolism

Originally published in tebu-bio’s Being Bioreactive. To purchase XenoTech’s products in the EU, please visit tebu-bio’s website. NADPH is a critical cofactor...

Blog

Maximize Metabolic Activities by Limiting Hepatocyte Cryoinjury

Cryopreservation and thawing of primary hepatocytes causes inherent damage to the cells. Traditional pooling methods require cells to undergo two separate cryopreservation...

Publications

Direct and cytokine‐mediated effects of albumin‐fused growth hormone on CYP expression

Some biologics can modulate cytokines that may lead to changes in expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and cause drug‐drug interactions (DDI). DDI potential of TV‐1106—an albumin‐fused growth...
Blog

Recombinant CYP Bactosomes: Versatile Formats for Many ADME Applications

Originally published in tebu-bio’s Being Bioreactive. To purchase recombinant CYPs in the EU, please visit tebu-bio’s website. For North American orders, please follow...

Blog

What To Do with Microsome Stable Low Turnover Compounds

Compounds that exhibit high metabolic stability in hepatocytes and subcellular fractions (S9, microsomes and cytosol) can be a challenge for ADME scientists. These in...

Scientific Posters

Evaluation of interspecies metabolic activities for non-CYP enzymes

Presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (JSSX) in Tokyo, Japan Full Title “Evaluation of interspecies metabolic activities...
Blog

HepatoSure Hepatocytes: The Largest Donor Pool For Your DMPK Applications

Pooled human hepatocytes can complement a selection of hepatocytes from various species for metabolite profiling, species comparison and evaluation of potential human-specific metabolites. HepatoSure® is the...

Blog

Cold Storage Solution Linked to Lower AO, XO Activity

At the time of organ recovery, human livers that have been donated for research are flushed with an ice-cold perfusion...

Blog

Considerations When Studying Esterase Activities in the Intestine

The gastrointestinal wall is a significant site of first-pass metabolism for oral drugs, which is commonly associated with CYP450 and...

Scientific Posters

Effects of organ preservation solution on aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity in pooled human liver S9

Full Title Effects of organ preservation solution on aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity in pooled human liver S9 Authors Kevin C. Lyon, Chad Pope,...
Webinars

Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in NASH

“Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in NASH: Research Application of Variants of Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) Tissues” Presented by Maciej Czerwinski, Ph.D., XenoTech Director of Consulting
Scientific Posters

Evaluation of the CYP metabolic activities in the presence of albumin in human liver microsomes

Full Title Evaluation of the CYP metabolic activities in the presence of albumin in human liver microsomes Abstract Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms are responsible for...
Scientific Posters

In vitro characterization of human liver lysosomes isolated from fresh tissue

Full Title In vitro characterization of human liver lysosomes isolated from fresh tissue Abstract Evaluation of lysosomal catabolism is an integral part of the development...
Scientific Posters

Efficient use of chimeric mice with humanized livers for drug development support

Full Title Efficient use of chimeric mice with humanized livers for drug development support Abstract Chimeric mice with humanized livers can be used to obtain...
Scientific Posters

Evaluation of Chemical Inhibitors for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT Reaction Phenotyping Assays

Full Title Evaluation of Chemical Inhibitors for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Reaction Phenotyping Assays in Human Liver Microsomes Abstract In the development of a new chemical entity (NCE)...
Scientific Posters

Comparative Investigation of Benzoapyrene, Procaine and Nevirapine Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes

Full Title Comparative Investigation of Benzoapyrene, Procaine and Nevirapine Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes Abstract Skin metabolism is an important contributor to the safety and efficacy...
Publications

The reliability of estimating Ki values for direct, reversible inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes from corresponding IC50 values: A retrospective analysis of 343 experiments

Lois J. Haupt, Faraz Kazmi, Brian W. Ogilvie, David B. Buckley, Brian D. Smith, Sarah Leatherman, Brandy Paris, Oliver Parkinson, and Andrew Parkinson In the...
Publications

Further Characterization of the Metabolism of Desloratadine and its Cytochrome P450 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Inhibition Potential: Identification of Desloratadine as a Relatively Selective UGT2B10 Inhibitor

Presented by: Faraz Kazmi, Phyllis Yerino, Joanna E Barbara, and Andrew Parkinson Desloratadine (Clarinex), the major active metabolite of loratadine (Claritin), is a non-sedating antihistamine...
Scientific Posters

Effects of Albumin-Fused Human Growth Hormone TV-1106 on CYP Enzyme Expression in Human Hepatocytes

Full Title Effects of Albumin-Fused Human Growth Hormone TV-1106 on CYP Enzyme Expression in Human Hepatocytes Abstract Drug-drug interactions involving therapeutic proteins that can modulate...
Scientific Posters

In Vitro Assessment of the Drug-Drug Interaction of Rasagiline and Its Metabolite Aminoindan

Full Title In Vitro Assessment of the Drug-Drug Interaction of Rasagiline and Its Metabolite Aminoindan Abstract Rasagiline mesylate (PAI) is the active pharmaceutical ingredient of...
Scientific Posters

Automated Plasma Protein Binding Using Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis

Full Title Automated Plasma Protein Binding Using Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis Abstract A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principle important in drug development is that it is the free (unbound)...
Publications

A long-standing mystery solved: The formation of 3-hydroxydesloratadine is catalyzed by CYP2C8 but prior glucuronidation of desloratadine by UGT2B10 is an obligatory requirement

Faraz Kazmi, Joanna E. Barbara, Phyllis Yerino and Andrew Parkinson Desloratadine (Clarinex®), the major active metabolite of loratadine (Claritin®), is a non-sedating long-lasting antihistamine widely used for...
Scientific Posters

Assessment Under Initial Rate Conditions of the Selectivity and Time Course of Cytochrome P450 Inactivation in Pooled Human Liver Microsomes and Hepatocytes

Full Title Assessment Under Initial Rate Conditions of the Selectivity and Time Course of Cytochrome P450 Inactivation in Pooled Human Liver Microsomes and Hepatocytes: Optimization...
Scientific Posters

The Use of Pooled Plated Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes for the Determination of Metabolic Clearance, CYP Induction, and Uptake Transporter Studies

Full Title The Use of Pooled Plated Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes for the Determination of Metabolic Clearance, CYP Induction, and Uptake Transporter Studies Abstract During early...
Scientific Posters

Comparison of XenoTech Hepatocytes to HepaRG® Cell Line

Full Title Determination of Low Intrinsic Clearance Values using Primary Human Hepatocytes and the HepaRG® Cell Line – A Comparison of Methods Svanberg, et al...
Scientific Posters

High content automated metabolic stability and CYP inhibition cocktail screening assays for early drug development

Full Title High content automated metabolic stability and CYP inhibition cocktail screening assays for early drug development Abstract The assessment of metabolic stability and cytochrome...
Scientific Posters

High-resolution mass spectrometry for rapid metabolite characterization and reaction phenotyping: a case study with repaglinide 

Full Title High-resolution mass spectrometry for rapid metabolite characterization and reaction phenotyping: a case study with repaglinide Abstract Assessing the involvement of specific cytochrome P450...
Scientific Posters

Midazolam clearance in human hepatocytes is restricted compared with human liver microsomes but not by cell permeability or cofactor availability

Full Title Midazolam clearance in human hepatocytes is restricted compared with human liver microsomes but not by cell permeability or cofactor availability Abstract In our...
Scientific Posters

Test system-dependent clearance of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 substrates

Full Title Test system-dependent clearance of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 substrates: A comparison of human liver microsomes and cryopreserved human hepatocytes Abstract The in vitro to...
Scientific Posters

Selection of human liver S9 and cytosol fractions for evaluating clearance by aldehyde oxidase (AO)

Full Title Selection of human liver S9 and cytosol fractions for evaluating clearance by aldehyde oxidase (AO): The impact of low versus high AO activity lots. Abstract Aldehyde oxidase...
Webinars

Aldehyde Oxidase: Why In Vitro Absolute Activity Doesn’t Matter

Presented by: Brian Ogilvie and Faraz Kazmi Biotransformation by aldehyde oxidase (AO) is an important clearance mechanism for many drugs and drug candidates, with increasing...
Publications

Exploring the Utility of High-Resolution MS with Post-Acquisition Data Mining for Simultaneous Exogenous and Endogenous Metabolite Profiling

Exploring the Utility of High-Resolution MS with Post-Acquisition Data Mining for Simultaneous Exogenous and Endogenous Metabolite Profiling Presented by: Barbara JE, Buckley DB, Horrigan MJ...
Publications

Metabolism-Dependent Inhibition of CYP3A4 by Lapatinib: Evidence for Formation of a Metabolic Intermediate Complex with a Nitroso/Oxime Metabolite Formed via a Nitrone Intermediate

Barbara JE, Kazmi F, Parkinson A, Buckley DB Metabolism-dependent inhibition (MDI) of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes has the potential to cause clinically relevant drug-drug interactions....
Publications

Lysosomal Sequestration (Trapping) of Lipophilic Amine (Cationic Amphiphilic) Drugs in Immortalized Human Hepatocytes (Fa2N-4 cells)

Kazmi F, Hensley T, Pope C, Funk RS, Loewen GJ, Buckley DB, Parkinson A Lipophilic (logP > 1) and amphiphilic drugs (also known as cationic...
Webinars

Exploring the Mechanism of CYP3A4 Inactivation by Lapatinib Through In Vitro Metabolite Char.

Presented by: Joanna Barbara, Ph.D. Metabolism-dependent inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes has the potential to cause clinically-relevant drug-drug interactions. Alkylamine drugs are known for their propensity...
Publications

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Elucidates Metabonate (False Metabolite) Formation from Alkylamine Drugs During In Vitro Metabolite Profiling

Presented by: Barbara JE, Kazmi F, Muranjan S, Toren PC, Parkinson A In vitro metabolite profiling and characterization experiments are widely employed in early drug...
Publications

Catechol and aldehyde moieties of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde contribute to tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition and neurotoxicity

Lydia M. Vermeer , Virginia R. Florang , Jonathan A. Doorn Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which leads to the selective loss...
Publications

Activator Protein-1 Regulation of Murine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1a1

Previously we demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1a1 is the major ALDH expressed in mouse liver and is an effective catalyst in metabolism of lipid aldehydes...
Scientific Posters

Esomeprazole, omeprazole sulfone, 5-O-desmethyl omeprazole and 5-hydroxylansoprazole are in vitro metabolism-dependent inhibitors of CYP2C19

Full Title Esomeprazole, omeprazole sulfone, 5-O-desmethyl omeprazole and 5-hydroxylansoprazole are in vitro metabolism-dependent inhibitors of CYP2C19 Abstract The intensively researched interaction between clopidogrel and proton...
Scientific Posters

Evaluation of dilution, dialysis and ultracentrifugation methods to assess the reversibility of metabolism-dependent inhibitors (MDIs) of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes

Full Title Evaluation of dilution, dialysis and ultracentrifugation methods to assess the reversibility of metabolism-dependent inhibitors (MDIs) of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes Abstract Metabolism-dependent inhibition...
Publications

The Proton Pump Inhibitor, Omeprazole, but Not Lansoprazole or Pantoprazole, Is a Metabolism-Dependent Inhibitor of CYP2C19: Implications for Coadministration with Clopidogrel

Ogilvie BW, Yerino P, Kazmi F, Buckley DB, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Paris BL, Toren P, Parkinson A As a direct-acting inhibitor of CYP2C19 in vitro, lansoprazole...
Publications

Comprehensive Quantitative and Qualitative Liquid Chromatography–Radioisotope–Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Safety Testing of Tolbutamide Metabolites Without Standard Samples

Zenzaburo Tozuka, Shinsuke Aoyama, Kohei Nozawa, Shoji Akita, Toshinari Oh-Hara, Yasuhisa Adachi, Shin-Ichi Ninomiya ADME & Tox. Research Institute, SEKISUI Medical Company, Ltd., Tokai, Ibaraki...
Scientific Posters

The effect of multiple cryopreservation cycles on drug-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocytes

Cryopreserved hepatocytes provide a convenient in vitro test system to study the phase-1 and phase-2 metabolism of new chemical entities; however cryopreservation (freeze-thaw cycles) can...
Scientific Posters

Accurate mass spectrometry elucidates a misleading metabonate formed from amine-containing drugs in reactive metabolite screening assays

Full Title Accurate mass spectrometry elucidates a misleading metabonate formed from amine-containing drugs in reactive metabolite screening assays Abstract The propensity of drug candidates to...
Scientific Posters

In vitro inhibition and induction of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes by NTBC and its metabolism in human liver microsomes

In vitro inhibition and induction ofHuman liver cytochrome P450 enzymes by NTBC and its metabolism in human liver microsomes 2-(2-Nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1, 3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC, also known as...
Scientific Posters

The effect of multiple cryopreservation cycles on drug-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocytes

Full Title The effect of multiple cryopreservation cycles on drug-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocytes Abstract Cryopreserved hepatocytes provide a convenient in vitro test system to...
Scientific Posters

Pitfalls in the Design of Metabolism-Dependent CYP Inhibition (MDI) Experiments With a Dilution Step: Inhibitor Depletion by Metabolism and/or Microsomal Binding Leads to Underestimation of the Shifted IC50 Value

Full Title Pitfalls in the Design of Metabolism-Dependent CYP Inhibition (MDI) Experiments With a Dilution Step: Inhibitor Depletion by Metabolism and/or Microsomal Binding Leads to...
Scientific Posters

Effects of Gender, Age and Ethnicity on Human Cytochrome P450 Activity

Full Title Effects of Gender, Age and Ethnicity on Human Cytochrome P450 Activity Abstract It has been well documented that the expression of CYP enzymes...
Scientific Posters

Microsomes and S9 Prepared from Renal Tissue Yield High CYP, FMO and UGT Activities that are Stable…

Presented at the JSSX/ISSX Meeting, Maui, HI October 2005. Abstracts published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, Vol. 37, Supplement 2 Full Title Microsomes and S9 prepared...
Publications

Liver CYP Enzyme Activities in Selected Species

Find cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities for the following species: – Mouse – Sprague Dawley Rat – New Zealand Rabbit – Beagle Dog – Cynomolgus...